Solvents are chemical substances that can dissolve, suspend or extract other materials usually without chemically changing either the solvents or the other materials. Solvents can be organic, meaning the solvent contains carbon as part of its makeup, or inorganic, meaning the solvent does not contain carbon. For example, “rubbing” alcohol is an organic solvent and water is an inorganic solvent. Hydrocarbon and oxygenated solvents are examples of types of organic solvents that can effectively dissolve many materials.
Solvents can serve one or more functions in pharmaceutical manufacture. They provide molecules to build some drugs. For other drugs, solvents are used for extraction and purification. Solvents also can provide a reaction medium.
Solvents work in a variety of ways to contribute to many of the medicines people use today. As helpers in the formulation of many health care products such as penicillin, aspirin, cough syrup, and topical ointments, solvents play an important role in the medicine cabinet.
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